Mandatory Fasting Requirements [1]

Mandatory Fasting Requirements [1]

The requirements of fasting are: (1) Islam, (2) reasoned, (3) has baligh [2], and (4) knows about the obligation of fasting. [3]

Requirement of Compulsory Fasting [4]
Mandatory requirement of fasting, meaning that when he finds a certain time, he is subject to fasting obligations. Terms are as follows.

(1) Healthy, not sick.

(2) Settling, not in a state of affiliation. The second proof of this condition is the word of Allah Ta'ala,

ومن كان مريضا أو على سفر فعدة من أيام أخر

"And whosoever is sick or on the way (then he breaks), then (shall be obliged for him to fast), as many days as he left it, on other days" (Surat al-Baqarah: 185). Both of these conditions are included in the requirement of fasting and not mandatory fasting requirement and not a requirement fasting qodho 'fasting. Because the mandatory requirement of fasting here is doomed to the sick and the unbelievers. When they did not fast at that time, then they qodho 'based on the agreement of the scholars. But if they keep fasting in such circumstances, their fasting remains valid.

(3) Sacred from haidh and childbirth. His point is the hadith from Mu'adzah, he once asked 'Aisha radhiyallahu' anha. The hadith is,

عن معاذة قالت سألت عائشة فقلت ما بال الحائض تقضى الصوم ولا تقضى الصلاة فقالت أحرورية أنت قلت لست بحرورية ولكنى أسأل. قالت كان يصيبنا الصوم ولا نؤمر بقضاء الصلاة.

From Mu'adzah he said, "I asked Aisha as she said, 'Why do women who have menstruation mengqadha' fast and do not make a prayer? 'So Aisha replied,' Are you from Haruriyah? 'I replied,' I am not Haruriyah, but I am just asking. 'He replied,' We used to experience menstruation, so we are commanded to make fasting and not enjoined to pray '. "[5] also, women who in the state of menstruation and postpartum are not obliged to fast and must mengqodho 'fasting. [6]

Legal Requirement Fasting
Legal requirements of fasting there are two, namely: [7]

(1) In the holy state of haidh and childbirth. This requirement is the requirement of exposure to fasting obligation and at the same time the valid condition of fasting.

(2) Intend. Intention is a legal requirement of fasting because fasting is worship while worship is not valid except with the intention as other worship. The argument of this is the words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam,

إنما الأعمال بالنيات

"Indeed, every charity depends on the intention." [8]

This fasting intention must be done to distinguish it by withholding other hunger. Holding hungry may be just a habit, in order to diet, or because of illness so must be distinguished by fasting which is worship.

However, all readers should know that the intention is not spoken (dilafadzkan). Because the intended intention is the will to do something and the intention lies in the heart [9]. May Allah bless An Nawawi rahimahullah -a great name in Shafi'iyah-who says,

لا يصح الصوم إلا بالنية ومحلها القلب ولا يشترط النطق بلا خلاف

"It is not valid for one's fasting except by intention. The location of the intention is in the heart, not required to be spoken. There is no dispute amongst the scholars. "[10]

Other Shafi'iyah scholars, Asy Syarbini rahimahullah said,

ومحلها القلب, ولا تكفي باللسان قطعا, ولا يشترط التلفظ بها قطعا كما قاله في الروضة

"Intention lies in the heart and do not need at all dilafazhkan. Intention is not at all required to be dilafazhkan as affirmed by An Nawawi in Ar Roudhoh. "[11]

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah said,

والنية محلها القلب باتفاق العلماء; فإن نوى بقلبه ولم يتكلم بلسانه أجزأته النية باتفاقهم

"The intention is located in the heart based on scholars' agreement. If a person intends in his heart without he lafazhkan with his oral, then his intention has been considered valid based on the agreement of the scholars. "[12]

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taimiyah also explains, "Anyone who wants to do something, then surely he has intended. Such as in front of him proffered food, then he had the desire to eat it, then when it must have been intended. So when he wants to drive or do other deeds. Even if someone is burdened with a practice then said not to intend, then really this is impossible loading. Because anyone who wants to do a deed is prescribed or unspoken must have his knowledge before him in his heart, this is what his intention is. "[13]

Mandatory Intend Before Dawn [14]
The argument is the hadith from Ibn 'Umar radhiyallahu' anhuma